The Baltimore truss is a widely used structural system in bridges and buildings, known for its efficiency and strength. Among its many components, zero force members (ZFMs) play a crucial yet often overlooked role. Understanding how zero force members function within a Baltimore truss is essential

The Baltimore Pratt truss is a distinctive and historically significant variation of the Pratt truss bridge design. Originating in the late 19th century, it was developed to address the increasing demands for stronger, more stable bridges capable of supporting heavier loads, especially for railroad