Introduction The Warren truss bridge stands as a hallmark of civil engineering, renowned for its elegant simplicity and enduring strength. Its distinctive pattern of equilateral triangles has graced landscapes across the world for over 175 years, providing a vital link in the development of tran

The Warren truss with verticals is a variant of the traditional Warren truss design, which has been a cornerstone of civil engineering for decades. This design incorporates additional vertical members within the equilateral triangles of the Warren truss framework, enhancing its structural stabilit