Truss bridges have been a cornerstone of civil engineering for centuries, renowned for their strength, efficiency, and aesthetic appeal. These structures are composed of interconnected triangular units that distribute loads effectively, making them suitable for various applications, from pedestrian

Truss bridges have been a staple in civil engineering for centuries, known for their ability to span long distances while supporting heavy loads. However, despite their many advantages, truss bridges also come with significant weaknesses that can affect their performance, longevity, and overall effe