Truss bridges have played a pivotal role in the history of civil engineering, offering efficient ways to span distances using minimal materials while maximizing strength. Among the most recognized truss designs are the king post truss and the queen post truss, both of which have been used extensive

Introduction Truss bridges have played a pivotal role in the advancement of civil engineering, enabling the construction of longer, stronger, and more economical spans. Among the myriad truss designs, the pony truss, Pratt truss, and Warren truss stand out for their historical significance and c

Introduction Bridges have long been symbols of human ingenuity, serving as vital links that connect communities, enable commerce, and overcome natural obstacles. Among the various bridge types that have shaped the landscape of transportation and engineering, the pony truss bridge stands out for