Introduction Bridges have always been essential to human progress, connecting people, places, and economies. Among the various types of bridges, the truss bridge stands out for its ingenious use of geometry and materials to span great distances with remarkable strength and efficiency. Within the

The Pennsylvania truss bridge, a variation of the Pratt truss design, has been a significant part of engineering history, particularly in the United States. These bridges were widely used during the late 19th and early 20th centuries due to their efficiency and cost-effectiveness. However, like any