Introduction Truss bridges have long stood as icons of engineering ingenuity, combining strength, economy, and elegance. Their distinctive triangular frameworks are more than just visually striking—they are the key to distributing forces efficiently and ensuring stability over vast spans. But am

Introduction Bridges are essential components of transportation infrastructure, facilitating the movement of people and goods over physical obstacles. Among the various types of bridges, truss bridges are renowned for their structural efficiency and ability to span considerable distances while utilizing minimal materials. T