Steel bridge piers are critical components in the construction and design of bridges, playing a vital role in ensuring structural stability. These piers support the weight of the bridge and its loads, transferring forces to the foundation and the ground below. Understanding how steel bridge piers co

IntroductionBridges are vital structures that connect communities, facilitate transportation, and support economic development. Among the various materials available for bridge construction, steel has emerged as the preferred choice for engineers and architects alike. The unique properties of steel,