A truss bridge is a type of bridge whose load-bearing superstructure is composed of a truss, a structure of connected elements, usually forming triangular units [10]. These connected elements, which are typically straight, may be stressed from tension, compression, or sometimes both in response to d

Truss bridges are an essential component of modern infrastructure, serving as a reliable means to span obstacles such as rivers, valleys, and roads. Their design allows for efficient load-bearing capabilities while utilizing minimal materials, making them both cost-effective and structurally sound.