Truss bridges have long stood as icons of engineering ingenuity, combining strength, efficiency, and elegance in their design. Their unique framework of interconnected triangles enables them to span vast distances and support heavy loads with minimal material use. Yet, not all truss bridges are cre

Truss bridges excel at distributing loads through triangular configurations, but their efficiency under concentrated center loads depends on design specifics. Experimental studies and engineering analyses reveal that Howe truss bridges generally outperform Pratt, Warren, and K truss designs whe