Introduction Bridges have long been symbols of human ingenuity, serving as vital links that connect communities, enable commerce, and overcome natural obstacles. Among the various bridge types that have shaped the landscape of transportation and engineering, the pony truss bridge stands out for

Introduction The pursuit of structural stability is a cornerstone in civil and mechanical engineering, whether the subject is a soaring highway bridge or the delicate top of an acoustic guitar. Among the many innovations that have emerged to address the challenges of load distribution and materi