Truss bridges are a marvel of engineering, relying on interconnected triangular units to efficiently carry loads. Among the many components that ensure their stability and durability, portal bracing plays a crucial role, especially in resisting lateral forces such as wind and seismic loads. This ar

The Bollman Truss Bridge, patented in 1852 by self-taught engineer Wendel Bollman, stands as a landmark in civil engineering history. As the first all-metal bridge design to achieve widespread use on American railroads, it revolutionized infrastructure development during the 19th century. This arti